Spending in Retirement
Understanding expenses in retirement and the idea of using a “Needs and Wants” framework for designing income-oriented investment solutions.
Defined Contribution Investments on Trial
In the Defined Contribution (DC) space, there is significant debate as it relates to the appropriate investment approach to help participants build and manage retirement savings.
While there are a spectrum of solutions and many plans do not fall squarely in any one category, three broad approaches under scrutiny are:
- The Retail Approach
- The Simple Approach
- The Institutional Approach
Adopting an institutional mindset is imperative to driving successful outcome for participants, but how exactly is an Institutional Investment approach defined?
|
Characteristics of an Institutional Investment Approach |
Application Within Defined Contribution Plans |
|---|---|
| Outcome-oriented investments | Target-date funds, stable value, retirement income solutions, and managed accounts |
| Broad asset class diversification | Extended credit sectors, private assets, absolute return, and real assets |
| Best-of-breed investment management | Skilled investment managers that are institutional in nature |
| Thoughtful mix of active and passive | Hybrid target-date strategies and customized open-architecture funds |
| Vehicle agnostic | Institutional mutual funds, collective trusts, and separate accounts |
Here, we will make the “case” for an institutional approach from an investment, fiduciary,wellness, and fairness perspectives.
1. The Investment Case
Enhancing risk-adjusted performance
Most institutional portfolios incorporate exposures to:
- Both passive and active management.
- Active management comes at a higher cost, but the benefits of alpha over long horizons can be significant.
- Simple analysis shows that if a participant can achieve just 35 basis points (0.35%) of alpha annually over a lifetime, assets can last an additional 6 years in retirement.
- Active equity managers have historically outperformed in down and volatile markets, potentially befitting participants who tend to react negatively in times of stress and are particularly susceptible to sequence of return risk around retirement age.
2. The Fiduciary Case
Putting the interests of participants first
- Perceived litigation risk has been one of the biggest drivers of DC plan sponsors moving towards the simple investment approach.
- This trend actually creates more legal risk by putting the sponsors' interests ahead of the participants interests, and ultimately retirement outcomes in jeopardy. (See chart below)
- Meanwhile, the courts and other industry stakeholders continue to highlight that ERISA does not require selection of the cheapest investment options.
- Fixed income is a great example of this:
- Very few institutional investors invest passively in fixed income given structural issues with benchmarks, the ability of active managers to add value historically, and the need for more customized solutions
3. The Wellness Case
Improving retirement readiness
- 57% of employees are very or somewhat stressed about their financial situation, particularly saving for the future.
- 401(k) participant savings rates, when combined with employer contributions, fall at the low end of the recommend range.
- As a result, more emphasis is being put on delaying retirements, however this comes at a great, and often unknown, expense to employers. (See chart below)
- One way to improve retirement readiness is taking a vehicle agnostic approach to investment menu design.
- For example analysis shows that moving to commingled vehicles can result in significant fee savings
Notes:
- DB retirement plans include premiums, administration fees, and dollar amounts placed by employers into pension funds.
- Supplemental pay includes overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses.
- Government payroll-related includes Social Security, Medicare, Federal and State Unemployment Insurance and Worker’s Comp.
4. The Fairness Case
Bringing institutional solutions to individual participants
- Plan sponsors should look to portfolios of their institutional peers when designing investment options, most notably around extended credit sectors, alternatives, and private assets.
- As an example, private real estate has historically been a strategic allocation in institutional portfolios and also relied upon by individuals in building and growing their wealth.
- In analyzing private real estate's impact on retirement outcomes, we find that a modest allocation in multi-asset portfolios results in a meaningful reduction in both the magnitude and ranged of projected portfolio drawdowns.
- The benefits of this effect can be significant in reducing sequence of return risk around retirement and keeping plan sponsors committed to their investment selections.
Defined Contribution
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PGIM does not establish or operate pension plans.